Capital & Markets

The mix of debt and equity used to finance the business.

Public and private markets where companies raise debt and equity (stocks, bonds, private placements).

Initial Public Offering — first sale of shares to the public.

Combining or buying companies to gain scale, capabilities, or markets.

Deciding which long-term investments to fund (factories, tech, product lines).

Managing current assets (AR, inventory, cash) and current liabilities (AP) day-to-day.

AR = money customers owe you. AP = money you owe suppliers.

The price of borrowing money — set by central banks and adjusted by credit spreads.